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VOLUME 14 (1): JULY – SEPTEMBER 2025
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Review Article
A brief review on medicinal plants used by the traditional healers in Assam for treating peptic ulcer
Sanchayeeta Roy1, Anjana Dhar2, Deepjyoti Dev1, 3* and Bishnupada Roy1
1Parasitology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong - 793022, Meghalaya, India.
2Department of Chemistry, Basugaon College, Basugaon, Chirang – 783372, Assam, India.
3Department of Zoology, Basugaon College, Basugaon, Chirang - 783372, Assam, India.
Corresponding author: deepjyotidev1510@gmail.com
Article No: DJJBR155; Received: 07.07.2024; Peer-Reviewed: 15.03.2025; Accepted: 20.07.2025; Published: 30.09.2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18661900
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: Peptic ulcer is a common gastrointestinal illness that affects large number of people throughout the globe. Various synthetic anti-ulcer drugs presently
available in the market include antacids, proton pump inhibitors, anticholinergics, H2-receptor antagonists and cytoprotective agents, are some of the drugs
used to prevent and treat various types of ulcers. However, most of the available drugs confer simpler to several side effects like arrhythmias, impotence,
hematopoietic changes etc. Traditional medicines have remained as the most affordable and easily accessible source of treatment among the economically
poor people in rural areas. Numerous lesser-known medicinal plants are utilized in Assam for the treatment of gastrointestinal problems. It is well
acknowledged facts that many ethnic groups of Assam possess a vast repository of ethnomedicinal knowledge and traditional healthcare practices. The
traditional knowledge system widely practiced among the local tribes of Assam might be crucial in the identification of new phytotherapeutic substances that
are useful in treating peptic ulcer. Therefore, this review presents common medicinal herbs, used by local people of Assam to treat or prevent stomach ulcer.
The plants commonly used by the rural population in Assam for treating stomach ulcer are Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers., Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.,
Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., Allium hookeri Thwaites, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Solanum
xanthocarpum Schrad., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, Psidium guajava L., Carica papaya L., Leucas aspera (willd.) Link, Piper betle L., Mentha x piperita
L., Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Anethum graveolens L., Oxalis corniculata L., Paederia foetida L., Adhatoda vasica Nees, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton,
Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming, Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R.Dutta, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Rubus ellipticus Sm., Sida cordifolia L. and
Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip.
Keywords:Assam; Traditional Healers; Peptic Ulcer; Anti-ulcer drugs; Side effects; Traditional medicine
Research Article
Three-tier farming in rice agroecosystem of Apatani Plateau in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Hage Yakang1*, Oyi Dai Nimasow1, D.N. Das2
1Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh - 791112, Arunachal Pradesh.
2Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh - 791112, Arunachal Pradesh.
Corresponding email ID: hageuyakang@gmail.com
Article No.: HYJBR165; Received: 14.07.2025; Peer-reviewed: 18.08.2025; Accepted: 28.08.2025; Published: 30.09.2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662277
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: The Ziro Valley of Arunachal Pradesh hosts a distinctive high-altitude integrated paddy–fish–millet farming system developed
by the Apatani tribe of Northeast India. In contrast to the dominant lowland rice–fish systems of Southeast Asia, this
agroecosystem operates at elevations of ~1,500–1,700 m under temperate climatic conditions. Wet rice is cultivated in
terraced plots while Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) are reared in the flooded fields, and finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is
simultaneously grown along the bunds. Synergistic interactions among rice, fish and millet enhance nutrient cycling, reduce
pests and weeds, and maintain productivity without external agrochemical inputs. This paper documents the structural
features, operational stages, ecological functions of the system based on field observations, secondary literature and
ethnographic sources and also highlights some recent inputs that have been incorporated through adoptive endeavours
for better output towards further refinement of the system. The findings underscore the role of traditional ecological
knowledge in sustaining a resilient and resource-efficient mountain agroecosystem with relevance for contemporary
sustainability, climate adaptation and indigenous food security agenda.
Keywords: Paddy-fish-millet farming; Sustainability; Low-land terrace farming; Ziro; Arunachal Pradesh.
Research Article
Ethnomedicinal plants of gastrointestinal disorders used by different ethnic communities of Berhampore sub-division of Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India.
Jyotirekha Chakravarty and Adani Lokho
Department of Botany, Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal - 731235, India.
*†Corresponding author email: lokhoabba@gmail.com
comArticle No.: JCJBR158; Received: 16.05.2025; Peer-Reviewed: 25.07.2025; Accepted: 30.07.2025; Published: 30.09.2025
Doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662337
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: The present paper deals with 20 ethnomedicinal plants (14 families) used for treating stomach ailments/gastrointestinal disorders by the local communities of Berhampore Sub-division in Murshidabad
district, West Bengal. The family Rutaceae has been recorded with the highest number of 3 species viz., Aegle marmelos, Citrus x
limon and Murraya koenigii, followed by four families with two species each, viz., Euphorbiaceae (Jatropha curcas, Jatropha
gossypifolia), Phyllanthaceae (Phyllanthus acidus, P. emblica), Apiaceae (Centella asiatica, Coriandrum sativum) and
Combretaceae (Terminalia arjuna, T. bellirica) and nine families with a single species each, viz.,
Amaranthaceae (Amaranthus spinosa), Acanthaceae (Andrographis paniculata), Crassulaceae (Kalanchoe pinnata),
Lamiaceae (Mentha x piperita), Rubiaceae (Paederia foetida), Myrtaceae (Psidium guajava), Scrophulariaceae (Scoparia dulcis),
Anacardiaceae (Spondias mombin) and Zingiberaceae (Zingiber officinale). The most commonly used parts of the plant for
various gastrointestinal disorders were observed both in leaves (39.13%) and fruits (30.43%), followed by latex, stem (8.70% each)
and bark, root, rhizome (4.35% each) respectively. The maximum number of ethnomedicinal plants utilized for a particular ailment
was recorded highest for two ailments i.e. dysentery and indigestion (17.65% each), whereas, the lowest was recorded for the
worm infection in the alimentary canal (2.94%). The efficacies of the herbal treatment for various stomach ailments including
indigestion as reported by the patients/respondent during the present investigation highlighted at different levels with very
effective (40%), effective (30%), moderately effective (20%), and mildly effective (10%).
Keywords: Medicinal plants; Gastrointestinal disorders; Berhampore sub-division; Ethnic-community.
Research Article
AProduction of secondary metabolites by in-vitro callus culture of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.
Ashwini Arvind Pujari and Aniroodha V. Pethkar*
Department of Microbiology, Govt. Institute of Science, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar – 431004, Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author email: avpethkar@yahoo.com
Article No.:AAJBR172; Received: 28.06.2025; Peer-reviewed: 30.08.2025; Accepted: 12.09.2025; Published: 30.09.2025.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662393
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. that widely grows in Indian subcontinent is known as ‘Behada’ in Marathi and ‘Bibhitak’ in Sanskrit. The plant is known for its several medicinal uses in Ayurveda and other traditional
medicine systems. T. bellirica is reported to contain a diverse array of secondary metabolites, the main class being polyphenols.
In the present study, callus culture of T. bellirica was established and the ability of the cultured cells to produce secondary
metabolites was tested and compared with the fruit rind extract and the leaf extract of the plant. The qualitative analyses
revealed that the cultured cells are able to synthesize all the secondary metabolites present in the fruit rind extract.
The quantitative analysis of tannins by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent revealed a tannin content of 11.55 mg/g dry weight of the
cultured cell samples, whereas estimation by reverse phase HPLC revealed presence of 0.0202 mg/g dry weight of gallic
acid equivalents in the callus extract. This study confirms the production of secondary metabolites by callus culture
system of T. bellirica.
Keywords: Callus culture; Phytochemical analysis; Tannins; Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.
Research Article
AGC-MS profile of phytoconstituents from leaves of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh
Sundari A1, Sankaralingam S1, Venkatesh S1 and Shanmugam S2*
1Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Saraswathi Narayanan College, Perungudi, Madurai - 625022, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Thiagarajar College, Teppakulam, Madurai - 625009, Tamil Nadu, India
*Corresponding author email: shanmugambotany@gmail.com
Article No.: SAJBR173; Received: 16.07.2025; Peer-reviewed: 2.9.2025; Accepted: 15.09.2025; Published: 30.09.2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662471
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: Avicennia marina leaf extracts were used in the current work to evaluate their phytoconstituents.
The leaves were gathered from their natural habitats, washed, let to air dry, and then grounded.
Using acetone, benzene, chloroform, distilled water, hexane, and methanol, the solvent extracts of
leaves were made using Soxhlet apparatus. According to established protocols, both qualitative and
quantitative phytochemical analyses were performed on the extracts. Utilizing GC-MS technology, an
analysis using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was carried out. In accordance with the findings,
all six extracts included alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and steroids but lacked tannins and
reducing sugars. Methanol and hexane extracts of A. marina leaf yielded the highest number of phytochemicals (eight),
whereas chloroform and distilled water extracts yielded the lowest number (six). Quantitative analysis results
showed that methanol extracts had the highest concentration of terpenoids (3.763%), alkaloids (3.841%),
flavonoids (1.963 mg QE/g), phenols (1.764 mg GAE/g), tannins (0.098 mg TAE/g), and flavonoids (1.963 mg QE/g).
Six peaks representing the identification of six chemicals were found after the GC-MS analysis of the methanolic
leaf extract of A. marina. The findings of this study support the need for more clinical research to ascertain
a specific phytochemical's potential in vivo efficacy..
Keywords: Avicennia marina; GC-MS analysis; Leaf extracts; Phytochemical screening.
Research Article
A study on quantitative indices of ethno wild edible plants in the Jawadhu hills, Tirupattur district, Tamil Nadu
Saravanan Jothimani, Prabakaran Ramalingam* and Ajin Selvaraj
PG and Research Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College (A), Mylapore, Chennai - 600004, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding author email: discoverypraba@gmail.com
Article No.: SJJBR176; Received: 18.06.2025; Peer-reviewed: 30.08.2025; Accepted: 05.09.2025; Published: 30.09.2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662582
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: The study area is Jawadhu hills situated in the Tirupattur district of Tamil Nadu, Eastern Ghats,
which is home to about 80,000 indigenous Malayali tribal people living in 36 villages across three forest ranges: Singarapettai,
Tirupattur and Alangayam. An ethnobotanical wild edible plants survey was conducted and enumerated 142 species, among these
79 wild edible plant species belonging to 67 genera, 42 families were used as medicine. Ethnobotanical information was
gathered from 275 local informants, including 138 women and 137 men, about how wild edible plants are used to treat various
ailments and results expressed in quantitative indices method. The Rutaceae family has a high use value of 0.043 and
the most significant species was Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) D.H. Nicolson, with a use value of 0.074.
The informant consensus factor (ICF) for jaundice and psoriasis was 0.875. The high-fidelity level (FL)
is recorded in Ocimum tenuiflorum L. was 99%. According to plant parts value data fruit has highest value 0.426.
The Ocimum tenuiflorum L. has a relative frequency citation value of 0.986 among wild edible medicinal plants.
The study provides sustainable using wild edible plants in the study area, helping to preserve traditional knowledge
and improve community health practices. Thus, it is essential to focus on conserving the traditional wild edible
medicinal plants and their indigenous knowledge in Jawadhu hills to use for future generations.
Keywords:Eastern Ghats; Ethnobotany; Jawadhu hills; Malayali; Quantitative indices; Wild edibles.
Research Article
Ornamental shell craft industry: documentation of processes and products from the Southeast Coast of India
Sary P.S and Pramod Kiran R.B*
Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695581, Kerala, India.
e
*Corresponding author email: pramodkiranrb@keralauniversity.ac.in
Article No.:SPJBR177; Received: 24.11.2023; Peer-reviewed: 20.12.2024; Accepted: 11.07.2025; Published: 30.09.2025.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662634
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: Shell craft industries encompass activities involving the processing, preservation and trade of whole molluscan shells; the conversion
of molluscan shells into utility articles, ornaments and showcase objects. The entire processes in the shell industry could
be categorized into four stages; collection of raw materials, processing, production of shell crafts and marketing. Large
numbers of shell processing units are located along the Tamil Nadu coast. Many of the coastal inhabitants are actively
involved in shell collection and supply them to the shell craft industries. A total of 94 species of marine ornamental
gastropods are presently involved in the trade. A total of 10 species were found to be imported from other countries for trade.
Keywords: Molluscan Handicrafts; Marine Gastropods, Indian Seashell trade; Trawl by-catch; Tamil Nadu.
Research Article
Diversity of crop in traditional jhum cultivated land practiced by the indigenous people of Tripura, Northeastern India
Panchatapa Bhattacharya*1, Siyari Jamatia1, Somnath Kar2, Aparajita Das1, Antara Bose1, Badal Kumar Datta1
1Plant Taxonomy and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar – 799022, Tripura, India.
Department of Botany, Holy Cross College, Jubatara, Lembucherra, Tripura, India.
*Corresponding author-mail:panchabhat96@gmail.com
Article No.:PBJBR180; Received: 30.06.2025; Peer-reviewed: 10.08.2025; Accepted: 15.09.2025; Published: 30.09.2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662680
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: PJhum cultivation is a significant source of economic stability in Northeast India.
Present study deals with the diversity of crops in jhum land, practiced by the ethnic people of Tripura. Jhum cultivation
is a source of mixed and multiple cropping, so the larger agricultural crop diversity is observed in jhum cultivated
land than on the sedentary farms in the plain lands. Field visits, open-ended surveys, and purposive samplings were
employed to achieve the objectives. A total of 85 number of cultivators interacted during the study. In the present
study a total of 64 species of crop plants were documented from 24 different families. Out of 24 families Cucurbitaceae
with 12 species constituted dominant family which was followed by Fabaceae with 6 species, Solanaceae
with 5 species, Araceae, Poaceae, Apiaceae and Malvaceae with 4 species. Among the 64 studied species, 47
species were used as vegetables, 6 species each of fruit and cereal, 5 species as spices and 1 species as pulses.
10 crop plants are used as food as well as medicine.
Keywords:Jhum cultivation; Multiple cropping; Crop diversity; Fallow period; Organic farming; Tripura.
Research Article
Traditional knowledge of wild plants used in ethnofishery among the Sherdukpen tribe of West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Rinchin Norbu Thungon, Jenima Basumatary, Pallabi Kalita Hui, Hui Tag*
Plant Systematics and Ethnobotanical Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh-791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
*Corresponding author email: huitag2008rgu@gmail.com
Article No.: RNJBR163; Received: 30.06.2025; Peer-reviewed: 28.08.2025; Accepted: 12.09.2025; Published: 30.09.2025.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662732
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: The ethnofishery practice is a small-scale subsistence fishing method of the indigenous communities.
The traditional fishing methods are mainly employed by local population of ethnic groups. Gleaning,
net fishing, line fishing, use of arrows, harpoons and barriers, set and mobile traps, night fishing,
fish poisoning, spear fishing are the common traditional methods of fishing. Ethnobotanical data on
wild plant species used in traditional ethnofishery practices among the Sherdukpen tribe of West
Kameng district were collected through semi-structured questionnaire, one-on-one interviews and group
discussions with selected local informants. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) was used to assess
the homogeneity of the ethnobotanical data. A total of 91 informants (70 male and 21 female members)
were interviewed covering 80 household and 15 villages of Sherdukpen dominated West Kameng district
of Arunachal Pradesh. This study reported 12 plant species found to be used as pisicidal agent by
traditional fishermen of Sherdukpen community. The study reveals that the traditional fishermen of
Sherdukpen tribe used locally available wild plant species for ethnofishery to sustain community livelihood
Keywords:Traditional Fishing, Pisicidal Plants, Sherdukpen Tribe, Shergao, West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh.
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