Editorial Board
Prof. Hui Tag
Editor-in-Chief
Email: editor.jbr@rgu.ac.in
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Article Content
VOLUME 9 (1): JAN – JUNE 2022
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Review article
Taxonomic diversity, distribution, biochemical, molecular and pharmacological potential of Paris L. (Melanthiaceae): a review
Hui Tag1**, Debmalya Das Gupta2#, Dwipen Kakati3, Pallabi Kalita Hui2*
2Plant Systematics and Ethnobotanical Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh-791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
2Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT)-Arunachal Pradesh, Jote-791113, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
3Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh-791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
#Equally contributed second first author
*Corresponding author e-mail: pallabikalita@nitap.ac.in (Pallabi Kalita Hui)
**Co-corresponding author email: huitag2008rgu@gmail.com (Hui Tag)
Article No.: DMJBR38; Received: 20.04.2022; Reviewed: 25.05.2022; Revised: 20.06.2022; Accepted: 25.06.2022; Published on 30.06.2022.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8128066
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: The genus Paris L. belonging to the family Melanthiaceae is one of the important monocot
angiosperms with wide range of medicinal and pharmacological potentials. In the recent decades, a surging popularity and demand for dried rhizomes
of Paris polyphylla Sm. have been witnessed in the international herbal market which is mainly due to the Rhizoma Paridis based anti-oxidant and
anti-cancer herbal drug products of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) rich in bioactive steroidal saponins emanating from China. This has triggered
rampant wild collection and pushed the natural population of P. polyphylla on the verge of extinction in the Indian
Himalayas, Northeast India, Bhutan, Nepal and China. The present review highlights current taxonomic diversity and
nomenclatural status, biosystematics, ethnobotany and traditional uses, global distribution and endemism range,
molecular phylogeny and evolution, biochemical profiles, pharmacological activities including anti-microbial,
cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, and anti-aging potential, mineral ion deposits, tissue culture, trade
and commerce, and conservation aspects of Paris L. in a regional and global perspectives. The present review
revealed 36 taxa (at species and varietal level) of Paris L. published in various literatures including Flora of
China, and now some of the varieties have been found synonymized and merged into 27 species reported as accepted
names now found updated in POWO (2022). The Chinese species and varieties of Paris L. have been found extensively
studied to date for their medicinal and pharmacological potential. However, there is a need for detail taxonomic
and biochemical studies on Indian species of Paris L. including P. polyphylla to unveil their correct taxonomic
status, and population status in natural habitats, bioactive phytochemicals, pharmacological potential, cultivation
and conservation, sustainable harvesting and value addition, trade and commerce. This article is expected to help
researchers, traders and conservationists in realizing the taxonomic diversity, ecological, economic, medicinal
and pharmacological importance of the genus Paris L.
Keywords: Paris L.; Taxonomic Diversity; Medicinal Importance; Bioactive Phytochemicals; Molecular Phylogeny; Pharmacological Potential; Trade and Commerce; Conservation
Review Article
Bryophytes in the Ecosystem Services: a review
Nonya Chimyang1,3, Pherkop Mossang1,3, Vinay Shankar2, Heikham Evelin1*, Prem Lal Uniyal3
1Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh – 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, Indiaa
2Department of Botany, Gaya College, Magadh University, Gaya -823001, Bihar, India
3Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi – 110007, India
*Corresponding author email: heikham.evelin@rgu.ac.in
Article No.: DMJBR38; Received: 15.04.2022; Reviewed: 04.05.2022; Revised: 21.05.2022. Accepted and Published on 30.06.2022.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8131443
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: Bryophytes, being one of the most important components of biodiversity, plays important roles in the ecosystem dynamics.
They render various services to the ecosystem, such as, formation of soil, providing habitat for small organisms, participation in cycling of
nutrients, conservation of soil erosion, control of pests and diseases, bio-monitoring of heavy metals. They are also used as fuel, in horticulture
and in construction of houses. They also provide services in cultural aspects as well. However, the information is
scattered, and a systematic alignment of these services is still missing to date. Present review brings all the
Ecosystem Services (ES) rendered by bryophytes in a single platform, categorized them under the different types
of ES as well as identified future areas of research. This review can serve as a catalyst to expand the sphere of
cognizance towards classical and new research findings of the ES rendered by bryophytes that can be utilized in
conservation, restoration and maintenance of our ecosystem and environment.
Keywords: Bryophytes; Ecosystem Services; Nitrogen Cycle; Nutrient Cycle; Ecosystem Restoration; Soil Conservation; Medicine and Culture
Review Article
Hallucinogens and the neuroendocrine system in relation to anxiety and depression: a review
Minerva Lollen1, Madhu Yashpal2, and Pankaj Kumar1*
1Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh-791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
2Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi-110049, India.
*Corresponding author e-mail: pankuana@gmail.com (Pankaj Kumar)
Article No.: PKJBR16; Received: 19.01.2022; Reviewed: 30.03.2022; Revised: 20.04.2022; Accepted: 14.05.2022; Published: 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.8140157
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: Psychosis is an accumulation of psychiatric symptoms that cause a loss of awareness of reality.
It may be brought on by environmental, genetic, or developmental causes, including stress, substance misuse, immigrant status, infection, or the
postpartum period. Their potential for logical functioning and reasoning is significantly impacted. In some
situations, these effects could be temporary or persistent for a lifetime, and the cause of this anomaly could
be genetic, developmental, or brought on by any other outside influences. Individuals under stress in different
intensities have been shown to exhibit psychotic-like behaviour in varied conditions, where the
hypothalamic-pituitary axis is activated to release the hormone cortisol in response to stress. Additionally,
numerous studies have linked the involvement of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) with anxiety and
depression, establishing a link between anxiety and depression as well as psychotic disorders. Cortisol levels
have been observed to be raised in both situations where anxiety- and depression-like symptoms have been reported
in people experiencing psychotic episodes, suggesting that either condition may be a sign of the other. An edible
hemipteran insect known as Coridius sp., which is enjoyed locally by the residents of Arunachal Pradesh in India
as a winter delicacy, is one such external factor that could cause these psychotic disorders
(hallucination/delusion). This particular insect is allegedly known to elicit a psychotic effect on its consumer,
causing them to experience hallucinations/delusions, which causes them to act in abnormal behaviour such as
attempting to fly, hiding under furniture etc. The metathoracic smell gland, which contains semiochemicals
exclusive to insects, is thought to be the insect organ responsible for such an impact. Both the consumer's
hormonal profile and the makeup of this particular insect's metathoracic scent gland have not been studied.
The causal reason for the psychotic effect elicited by the insect on its consumer is still unknown. As a
result, we have attempted to assemble a body of knowledge in this review article that will aid in the study
of this phenomena by seeking to determine the relationship between psychosis and behaviours that resemble
anxiety and depression as well as its associated hormonal components.
Keywords: Psychosis; Hallucination; Coridius sp.; Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis; Anxiety and Depression
Research Article
Comparative assessment on physiological and biochemical response mechanism in some commercial banana cultivars of Assam under abiotic stresses
Debanjali Saikia1,2 and Bhaben Tanti1*
1Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
2Department of Botany, Suren Das College, Hajo-781102, Assam, India
*Corresponding author: btanti@gauhati.ac.in, (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-4562)
Article No.: BBJBR02; Received: 23.01.2022; Reviewed: 15.02.2022; Revised: 28.02.2022; Accepted and Published: 30.06.2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141239
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: Banana cultivation is in great constrain due to wide variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, although abiotic stresses
significantly impact banana growth and yield. Assam recorded extraordinary diversity of wild and cultivated banana
germplasm. Under stressful environmental conditions, plants altered their physiological and biochemical machinery
to adopt themselves to the changing environment. In the present study, six banana cultivars (Malbhog, Seni,
Amritsagar, Kaskol, Jahaji, Grand Nine (G9) were subjected to five different types of abiotic stresses
(cold, heat, drought, water submergence and acid soil stresses) and their influences in physiological and
biochemical parameters were investigated. The studies revealed significant changes in physiological parameters
such as reduced RWC and chlorophyll contents in all the six cultivars of bananas that were subjected to different
types of abiotic stresses when compared with control. The biochemical constituents such as total flavonoid content
(TFC), total carbohydrate content (TCC), total phenolic content (TPC), lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide
content were found significantly increased. A significant increase in flavonoid and carbohydrate content were
recorded in the cultivars that were subjected to heat and water submergence stresses. Furthermore, a significant
increase in ROS (H2O2) were observed while moderate to significant increase in antioxidant compounds
(TFC, TPC and TCC) were also recorded in response to counter ROS production in all five types of abiotic stresses induced in banana cultivars when compared with control groups.
Keywords: Abiotic Stresses; Banana Cultivars; Physiobiochemical Changes; Reactive Oxidative Species; Oxidative Stress
Research Article
Diversity and distribution of the genus Rhynchotechum Blume (Gesneriaceae) in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Momang Taram and Hui Tag*
Plant Systematics and Ethnobotanical Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh-791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Corresponding author email: hui.tag@rgu.ac.in; momang.taram@rgu.ac.in
Article No.: MTJBR09; Received: 20.04.2022; Reviewed: 18.05.2022; Revised: 15.06.2022; Accepted and Published: 30.06.2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8369779
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: A taxonomic investigation on the genus Rhynchotechum Blume (Gesneriaceae) in
the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India was carried out during 2018-2022. The present revisionary studies have reported 7 taxa
from Arunachal Pradesh. All the recorded species are enumerated here with taxonomic keys and notes based on morphological
characters of living plants, along with the distributional ranges and colored photographs.
Keywords: Rhynchotechum, Gesneriaceae, Diversity, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Research article
Phleobum periplanae sp. nov. and Neohirmorcystis canchipurae sp. nov. (Aplicomplexa: Eugregarinida) from Manipur, India
Naorem Mohilal, Indira Yumnam, Loukrakpam Bina Chanu*
Department of Zoology, Manipur University, Canchipur- 795003, Manipur, India.
Corresponding author e-mail: bina.chanu@gmail.com
Article No.: NMJBR42; Received: 05.03.2022; Reviewed: 30.03.2022; Revised: 15.05.2022; Accepted and Published: 30.06.2022
Manuscript No: SKJBR33; Received: 15.08.2021; Reviewed: 18.10.2021; Revised: 15.11.2021; Accepted and Published: 31.12.2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8369796
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: During 2012 – 2018, a survey was conducted for the protozoan parasites in valley districts of Manipur. Sample
insect, cockroaches were collected using Sweep-netting methods and dissected. Fresh and permanent slides of collected protozoa from the gut were
prepared using Haedenhain’s iron, haematoxylin, Giemsa and Eosin stains. Mean, standard deviation and percent
of co-efficient of variations were calculated. Two new Eugregarine protozoans namely Phleobum periplanae sp. nov
and Neohirmorcystis canchipurae sp. nov. were reported as new to science. Phleobum periplanae sp. nov. is
characterized by spherical epimerite which measures 14.7 – 32.6 μm while the protomerite is broadly ovoid,
covered by a thick pellicle which measure 26.9 – 56.9 μm. Fresh gametocytes are yellowish- orange and ellipsoidal.
Neohirmocystis canchipurae sp. nov. is characterised by lack of epimerites with a trophozoite length of
(159.6-192.6) μm. Gametocyst dehisces by simple rupture releasing spherical spores.
Keywords: Periplanata americana, Didymophyidae, and Neohirmocystidae
Short Communication
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and root colonization trends along altitudinal gradient: a case study in Western Arunachal Pradesh
Minam Pertin and Oyi Dai Nimasow*
Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
*Corresponding Authors email: oyidai.nimasow@rgu.ac.in; minampertin15@gmail.com
Article No.: ONDJBR32; Received: 25.02.2022; Revised: 18.03.2022; Accepted: 16.05.2022; Published: 30.06.2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8370175
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: Symbiotic association of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) with roots of higher plants provides
a better understanding about their ecological function in the mountain ecosystem. In the present study, we
investigated the diversity of AMF genus and colonization efficiency of AMF in the selected five Representative
Host Plants (RHPs) growing in the six different mountain forest types along an altitudinal gradient ranging from
1000 – 4500 m above msl in West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. The selected RHP quantified for AMF
colonization were, Anaphalis sp. (Asteraceae), Geranium pretense (Geraniaceae), Fragaria rubicola (Rosaceae),
Plantago major (Plantaginaceae) and Primula sp. (Primulaceae) and they were selected on the basis of their
occurrence throughout the study site. Additionally, colonization was also quantified in composite root samples
collected from seven different sites. AMF colonization was observed in the five selected RHP throughout the
altitudinal range of 1000 – 4500 m msl. It varied from 10 – 70% with the highest mean root colonization observed
in P. major (30%). The maximum AMF colonization was observed in the RHP growing at mid-altitude range
(2000 – 3000 m msl) whereas the minimum AMF colonization was observed in the RHP growing at the highest
altitudinal range (4000 – 4500 m msl). The AMF colonization in composite root samples also showed the same
trend. Our study suggests a significant effect of altitude on AMF species diversity and colonization association
in the selected five host plant species investigated.
Keywords: Endomycorrhiza; Glomeromycota; Forest Types; AMF, CRS Root Colonization; Altitudinal Gradient; Eastern Himalaya
Short Communication
Growth and yield performance of Pink Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eous (Berk.) Sacc. on various lignocellulosic substrates
Titel Megu, Litnya Tangjang, Tenya Rina*
Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
*Corresponding author's email: tenyarina2017@gmail.com
Article No.: TRJBR28; Received: 05.03.2022; Reviewed: 10.04.2022; Revised: 15.05.2022; Accepted: 20.05.2022; Published: 30.06.2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8396388
View Abstract | PDF
Abstract: Pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eous) (Berk.) Sacc. is one of the popular edible species widely
cultivated on various lignocellulosic substrates in subtropical to tropical regions across the world for its excellent taste and nutrition.
In this study, we explored some commonly available substrates namely, Paddy straw (PS), Paddy straw + Rice bran (PS+RB) and Paddy straw + Saccharum
spontaneum (PS+SS), to determine the most promising substrates for the cultivation of this species. The substrates
PS+RB and PS+SS were prepared in a 1:1 ratio based on dry weight. Each substrate treatment was replicated three
times. The study was conducted in an outdoor cropping room with a temperature ranging from 20 to 27 °C and relative
humidity between 73% and 96%. The efficiency of the substrate was evaluated based on several factors including the
time taken for complete spawn run, appearance of pinheads, maturation of fruiting bodies, flushing intervals,
cropping period, total mushroom yield (g), and biological efficiency. Among the tested substrates, PS proved to be
the most effective, supporting faster spawn run (9.3 days), a greater number of fruiting bodies (46.0), higher
mushroom yield (246.3 g), and a relatively shorter cropping cycle (15.3 days). However, in terms of biological
efficiency, all tested substrates appeared equally promising for P. eous.
Keywords: Oyster mushroom cultivation, Pleurotus eous, Paddy straw, Rice bran, Saccharum spontaneum
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